To report the clinical and genetic characteristics of a child with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3(PFIC3), and review the literature.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide, has complex etiology and lacks effective treatment. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of NAFLD. The review presents the sources and biological basis of mitochondrial oxidative stress, systematically elucidates its mechanisms of mediating liver damage through multiple pathways such as inflammatory activation, programmed cell death, and autophagy dysfunction, and summarizes the current main intervention strategies targeting this process, including antioxidants, mitochondrial-targeted drugs, natural bioactive compounds, and signaling pathway regulation. On this basis, we further compared the action levels and mechanistic differences among various intervention strategies, analyzed the challenges faced by current research and proposed future research priorities and directions, with the aim of providing theoretical support and research ideas for the mechanism research and intervention strategies of NAFLD.

The management of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM) remains a formidable challenge due to disease heterogeneity and drug resistance. Recent years have witnessed a paradigm shift from conventional chemotherapy to targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies. This article comprehensively reviews the progress in drug therapy for RRMM. While traditional targeted agents, including proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs, continue to evolve and break efficacy barriers through structural optimization and combination regimens, novel immunotherapies—such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T) therapies—have demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in achieving deep and durable responses, even in heavily pretreated patients. The future of RRMM clinical management lies in biomarker-guided precision medicine, mechanism-driven combination therapies, and the forward deployment of the most effective treatments, ultimately aiming to transform RRMM into a chronic and controllable condition.

Stress urinary incontinence(SUI) is a common urinary system disorder in women. Traditional treatment methods mainly include pelvic floor muscle training, biofeedback therapy, and oral medication, which have certain limitations. Electroacupuncture, as a traditional Chinese medicine therapy combined with modern medical techniques, has demonstrated good efficacy in treating SUI, though its mechanisms have not yet reached clinical consensus. This paper introduces the development and advantages of electroacupuncture therapy, elaborates on its mechanisms in treating female SUI—including neural regulation, muscle strengthening and regeneration, and microcirculation improvement—and analyzes its current clinical application status. It emphasizes the need to develop personalized treatment plans, providing new directions for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and basic research.

Femtosecond laser small incision corneal stromal lenticule extraction(SMILE) is a representative of the new generation of refractive surgeries, which is a minimally invasive and flapless refractive correction procedure based on femtosecond laser technology. This surgical method, with its outstanding corneal biomechanical stability and relatively minor damage to the nerve plexus of the stromal layer, has established a dominant position in the field of myopia and astigmatism correction. However, current clinical studies have shown that although SMILE surgery demonstrates good safety and effectiveness in myopia and astigmatism correction, postoperative refractive undercorrection and regression phenomena still cannot be ignored, and this phenomenon is particularly prominent in patients with high astigmatism. This review systematically analyzed the multiple factors that affect the refractive correction effect of SMILE surgery, aiming to provide theoretical basis and decision-making references for clinical practice.