Gastrointestinal tumors are one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Their initiation and progression are driven by the complex interactions of multiple factors including genetics, the environment and microbial ecology, posing a severe threat to human health. Current clinical treatments are plagued by marked interindividual variability in efficacy, along with a high risk of drug resistance and recurrence, making it an urgent priority to explore novel pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. With the development of technologies such as metagenomic sequencing, the traditional notion that the blood of healthy individuals and tumor patients is "sterile" has been overturned, and the role of circulating microorganisms(CM) in gastrointestinal tumors has attracted widespread attention. CMs participate in the tumorigenesis and progression of gastrointestinal tumors by regulating inflammation, immunity, and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, offering a new perspective for clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, relevant research is still limited by technical drawbacks in detection, incomplete elucidation of specific mechanisms, and the lack of large-sample validation in clinical translation. Going forward, it is necessary to optimize detection technologies, further decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying CM-mediated regulation of gastrointestinal tumors, and conduct large-scale clinical studies to validate the diagnostic value of microbial biomarkers and the efficacy of targeted interventions, thereby providing new strategies for the precise prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor Natural Killer(CAR-NK) cells as a new strategy for immunotherapy of prostate cancer. This article reviews the construction of CAR-NK cells with prostate-specific Membrane Antigen(PSMA) and Prostate Stem Cell Antigen(PSCA) as key targets. Significant anti-tumor effects achieved in preclinical studies. At the same time, strategies such as optimizing the CAR structure, combining immune checkpoint inhibitors, and molecular targeted drugs were explored to enhance efficacy and safety. Despite the challenges in clinical translation, CAR-NK cell therapy is expected to offer a new treatment option for patients with prostate cancer.This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress of CAR-NK cell technology in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Sepsis is multi-organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated response to infection. Due to the high morbidity,high mortality and high treatment costs, and the lack of effective treatment methods, the global medical burden has become increasingly serious in recent years, so it is imperative to explore the mechanism of the occurrence and development of sepsis and find new therapeutic drugs that may improve or prevent the occurrence and development of sepsis. Studies have found that itaconic acid, as a naturally occurring metabolite in immune cells, plays an important role in regulating inflammation and immune metabolism, and may be a very promising drug for the prevention and treatment of sepsis. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanism of action and efficacy of itaconic acid in the treatment of sepsis and the protection of multiorgan function, in order to provide more ideas and help for the research and treatment of sepsis.