Mirizzi syndrome is an obstructive jaundice or cholangitis caused by external pressure on the hepatic duct caused by stones embedded in the gallbladder duct or neck of the gallbladder. Because of its lack of specific symptoms and signs, it is easy to be confused with common biliary calculi, biliary inflammation and other diseases, increasing the occurrence of missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. In order to improve the understanding of the disease, Mirizzi syndrome needs to be effectively examined. At present, surgery is one of the effective methods to treat Mirizzi syndrome, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) is widely used in clinical practice. Compared with traditional open cholecystectomy, LC laparoscopic video can carry out targeted resection of the abdomen and organs, greatly preserving the integrity of the abdominal wall muscles and abdominal tissues, and has the advantages of small incision, less pain, and faster recovery. This article reviews the research progress of Mirizzi syndrome diagnosis and LC therapy.

Since the discovery of vitamin D, there have been continuous advances in clinical research on vitamin D. In recent years, vitamin D receptors and their gene polymorphisms have become well-known in clinical practice, and research on their association with thyroid diseases has gradually increased, including toxic diffuse goiter, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, pregnancy and childbirth thyroid diseases, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer. This article reviews the relevant research on the association between vitamin D and its receptor gene polymorphism and thyroid diseases at home and abroad, in order to clarify their interactions and influencing mechanisms, and provide assistance for the feasibility of treating thyroid diseases through vitamin D supplementation.

Sarcopenia is a generalized, progressive age-related skeletal muscle disorder characterized by decreased muscle mass and strength, significantly impacts elderly individuals' physical activity capabilities and quality of life. Recent studies highlight that the health status of the gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining muscle mass and function. With advancing age, intestinal barrier functions weaken, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, which accelerates the depletion of muscle tissue. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, as key components for regulating gut microbial balance, can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory factors, and promote the generation of short-chain fatty acids, thereby enhancing muscle anabolic processes and resisting the progression of sarcopenia. This article reviews experimental and clinical research both domestically and internationally regarding gut microbiome preparations, underscoring their potential role in combating age-related muscle loss.