ObjectiveTo explore the dose-effect relationship between the expression of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes(STING) in the blood of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder(UCB) and the positivity of CD44 in cancer tissues.MethodsSixty patients with UCB in our hospital from October 2022 to May 2024 were selected as the study group, 60 patients with inverted papilloma of bladder during the same period were selected as control groupⅠ, and 60 healthy patients were selected as control groupⅡ. The expression of cGAS and STING in blood of the 3 groups and the expression of CD44, a tumor stem cell marker, in the study group and control groupⅠwere compared. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between blood cGAS and STING expression and tissue CD44 expression in study group and control groupⅠ. The study group divided CD44 expression into positive patients and negative patients and analyzed the independent risk factors of CD44 positive tissues by multiple Logistic regression. The dose-effect relationship between expression of cGAS and STING in blood and positive CD44 in tissue was analyzed by restricted cubic spline diagram.ResultsThe expression of cGAS and STING in the study group was higher than that in control groupⅠ and control groupⅡ, and that in control groupⅠwas higher than that in control groupⅡ(F/P=194.740/<0.001, 142.937/<0.001). The score and positive expression rate of CD44 of tumor stem cells in the study group were higher than those in the control groupⅠ(t/χ2/P=18.463/<0.001, 67.222/<0.001). The expressions of cGAS(r=-0.638, P<0.001) and STING(r=-0.717, P<0.001) in="" the="" study="" group="" were="" moderately="" negatively="" correlated="" with="" scores="" of="" cd44="" tissues.="" expressions="" r="-0.291," p="0.024)" and="" expression="" had="" low="" correlation="" tissue="" score.="" lymph="" node="" metastasis="" depth="" tumor="" invasion="" independent="" risk="" factor="" for="" positive="" cgas="" mrna="" sting="" protective="" factors="" .="" there="" was="" a="" nonlinear="" dose-effect="" relationship="" between="" blood="" tissue.="" when="">2.15 and STING mRNA > 1.75, the risk of CD44 positive in tissue significantly reduced.ConclusionIn UCB patients, the expression of cGAS and STING in the blood increases, and when both of them increase significantly, they have an inhibitory effect on the expression of CD44 in UCB tissues.

ObjectiveTo construct the model of HK-2 cell programmed necrosis of human renal tubular epithelium(HK-2), and observe the expression and role of receptor interaction protein 3(RIP3) and high mobility group protein 1(HMGB1) in HK-2 cell programmed necrosis.MethodsThe experiment will be conducted in the Laboratory of Hainan Medical University from May 2022 to January 2024. HK-2 cells were divided into control group, TNF-α group, TNF-α+Nec-1s group, TNF-α+GSK'872 group and TNF-α+NSA group. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and necrosis rates in each group of cells. TUNEL+RIP3 fluorescence double staining combined with laser confocal microscopy was used to detect the percentage of TUNEL+RIP3 positive cells. The expression of HMGB1 protein was detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of RIP3 and HMGB1 were detected by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of RIP3 and HMGB1 were detected by Western blot.ResultsCompared with control group, the apoptosis and necrosis rate of HK-2 cells, the percentage of TUNEL+RIP3 double positive cells, the expression level of HMGB1 protein and the mRNA and protein expression levels of RIP3 and HMGB1 in TNF-α group were significantly increased(q/P=56.786<0.001, 47.963/<0.001, 24.186/<0.001, 5.020/0.034, 4.708/0.047, 46.495/<0.001, 26.837/<0.001). Compared to the TNF-α group, apoptosis and necrosis rate of HK-2 cells, percentage of TUNEL+/RIP3+ double positive cells, HMGB1 protein expression and mRNA and protein expression levels of RIP3, HMGB1 in TNF-α+Nec-1s group, TNF-α+GSK'872 group and TNF-α+NSA group were significantly decreased(The apoptosis and necrosis rates of HK-2 cells: q/P=44.243/<0.001, 37.666/<0.001, 30.324/<0.001; percentage of TUNEL+/RIP3+ double positive cells: q/P=35.176/<0.001, 28.461/<0.001, 21.104/<0.001; HMGB1 protein expression: q/P=39.043/<0.001, 39.412/<0.001, 41.510/<0.001; RIP3 mRNA expression: q/P=13.982/<0.001, 5.386/0.022, 8.811/0.001, HMGB1 mRNA expression: q/P=7.219/0.003, 6.318/0.008, 4.658/0.049, RIP3 protein expression: q/P=62.436/<0.001, 46.495/<0.001, 39.853/<0.001, HMGB1 protein expression: q/P=20.982/<0.001, 20.006/<0.001, 28.301/<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in apoptosis and necrosis rate, percentage of TUNEL+/RIP3+ double positive cells and expression level of RIP3 protein in TNF-α+Nec-1s group, TNF-α+GSK'872 group and TNF-α+NSA group(P<0.05).ConclusionTNF-α can induce RIP3-mediated necroptosis in HK-2 cells and release HMGB1 molecules.

ObjectiveTo explore the current research status of external treatments of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD), summarize the core treatment ideas of core teams, and provide new ideas for the research and application of Chinese external therapies for GERD.MethodsTo retrieve and screen relevant literature on external treatments of traditional Chinese medicine for GERD since the establishment of the database from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Note Express software was used for duplicate checking and manual screening, and Cite Space 6.2. R2 software was applied for the visual analysis of number of the publications, authors, institutions, and keywords.ResultsIn recent years, the number of literature related to the treatment of GERD using traditional Chinese external methods has shown an increasing trend, with Chinese literature being the main focus. Bai Xinghua, Xie Sheng, Chen Chaoming, and Chen Jiande are the core authors, while Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, and Johns Hopkins University are the core institutions for publishing articles. The high-frequency keywords are "acupuncture", "acupuncture and moxibustion", "curative effect", "liver stagnation and stomach heat", and "traditional Chinese medicine". "Du Vessel" is the core of its theory.ConclusionThe external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for GERD has been relatively mature, and further research on Design of experiments and treatment mechanism is needed in the next step.

Report the clinical data of a patient with primary pulmonary hepatoid adenocarcinoma and review the literature.

The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation(AF) and debility increases with physiological age and often occurs simultaneously. The reported prevalence of AF combined with debility is variable and may depend on different tools used to assess debility. The two are closely related, with debility increasing the risk of poor prognosis in AF and AF increasing the likelihood of debility. Frailty has an impact on treatment options for AF, and it may reduce anticoagulation for AF, but there is less evidence about the impact of frailty on antiarrhythmic therapy and surgical treatments such as radiofrequency ablation. Therefore, debilitation assessment is recommended when developing an individualized treatment plan for AF in the clinic.