Objective To investigate the expression of serum homer scaffold protein 1(Homer1) and Dickkopf-3(DKK3) levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS) and their relationship with neurological outcomes.Methods According to the ratio of 2:1, 108 AIS patients(AIS group) and 54 healthy volunteers(healthy control group) were selected from the Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University from January 2022 to October 2024. The AIS group was divided into mild, moderate and severe subgroups according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score, and divided into poor subgroup and good subgroup according to the 3-month neurological outcome. The levels of serum Homer1 and DKK3 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the correlation between them and NIHSS score was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to analyze the relationship between serum Homer1 and DKK3 levels and neurological outcome in AIS patients and their predictive efficacy.Results Compared with the healthy control group, the serum Homer1 level in the AIS group increased and the DKK3 level decreased(t/P=22.391/<0.001,16.202/<0.001); Among the 108 AIS patients, 31 were mild, 42 were moderate, and 35 were severe. The serum Homer1 level in the mild, moderate, and severe subgroups gradually increased,and the DKK3 level gradually decreased(F/P=121. 399/<0. 001, 174. 103/<0. 001); Serum Homer1 level was positively correlated with NIHSS score in AIS patients, and DKK3 level was negatively correlated with NIHSS score(r s/P=0.706/<0.001,-0.745/<0.001); Compared with the good subgroup, the poor subgroup had higher NIHSS score, larger infarct volume,higher Homer1 and lower DKK3(t/Z/P=4.573/<0.001,4.520/<0.001,5.993/<0.001,6.583/<0.001); High NIHSS score, large infarct volume, and high Homer1 were independent risk factors for poor neurological outcomes in AIS patients, and high DKK3 was an independent protective factor [OR(95% CI)=1.088(1.025-1.155),1.392(1.144-1.694),1.307(1.117-1.528),0.892(0.842-0.946)]; The areas under the curve of Homer1, DKK3 and their combination in predicting poor neurological outcome in AIS patients were 0.808, 0.814 and 0.897, respectively. The combination of the two was superior to their respective predictive efficacy(Z/P=2.653/0.008,2.666/0.008).Conclusion The increase of serum Homer1 level and the decrease of DKK3 level in AIS patients are related to the aggravation of the disease and the poor outcome of neurological function. The combination of Homer1 and DKK3 has a higher efficacy in predicting the outcome of neurological function.

Objective To explore the effects of three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography(3D-DSA)-guided neurointerventional thrombectomy on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(ba-PWV) and serum Netrin-1 in patients with ischemic stroke(IS).Methods From September 2021 to November 2024, totally 180 patients with IS who received treatment in Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University were served as the research subjects and assigned into two groups through the random number table method: thrombolysis group(intravenous thrombolysis) and thrombectomy group(intravenous thrombolysis + 3D-DSA-guided neurointerventional thrombectomy). The vascular recanalization rate, ba-PWV, neurological function, cerebral hemodynamics, serum indicators [ neuron specific enolase(NSE), Netrin-1], and adverse reactions were compared.Results The vascular recanalization rate in the thrombectomy group was 94.44%, which was higher than the 83.33% in the thrombolysis group(χ 2/P=5.625/0.018). After treatment, the thrombectomy group had lower ba-PWV, neurological function score, peripheral resistance(Rv), and NSE(t/P=7.327/<0.001,16.857/<0.001,6.630/<0.001,8.480/<0.001), and higher Netrin-1 and mean cerebral blood flow(Qm) than the thrombolysis group(t/P=4.905/<0.001,4.598/<0.001).There was no prominent difference in adverse reactions between two groups(χ 2/P=0.669/0.414).Conclusion The 3D-DSA-guided neurointerventional thrombectomy can improve vascular recanalization rate, cerebral hemodynamics, reduce the risk of IS recurrence, upregulate Netrin-1 level, inhibit NSE expression, reduce brain injury, and improve neurological function in patients with IS.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and interferon gamma-induced protein-10(IP-10) for autoimmune encephalitis(AE) in patients with herpes simplex virus(HSV) infection.Methods A total of 183 patients with HSV infection admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province(Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital) from January 2020 to December 2024 were selected as the HSV group. Based on AE development, HSV-infected patients were divided into AE subgroup(n=32) and non-AE subgroup(n=151). Additionally,200 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations during the same period were selected as the healthy control group.Serum G-CSF and IP-10 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of serum G-CSF and IP-10 levels on AE development in HSV-infected patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of serum G-CSF, IP-10,and their combination for AE development in HSV-infected patients.Results Serum G-CSF and IP-10 levels in the HSV group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group(t=5.873, 6.416; both P<0.001). The AE subgroup showed significantly higher serum G-CSF and IP-10 levels compared to the non-AE subgroup(t=5.594, 5.431; both P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated serum G-CSF and IP-10 levels were independent risk factors for secondary AE in HSV-infected patients [OR(95% CI)=4.245(1.892-9.524), 3.492(1.635-7.459)]. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the areas under the curve(AUC) for predicting secondary AE using G-CSF, IP-10, and their combination were 0.776, 0.783, and 0.868, respectively. The combined prediction was superior to individual predictions(Z/P=2.224/0.026, 2.388/0.017).Conclusion Serum G-CSF and IP-10 levels are significantly elevated in HSV-infected patients who develop secondary AE. Combined detection of these two biomarkers shows high predictive value for secondary AE in HSV-infected patients.

Objective To discuss the relationship between serum leukotriene B4(LTB4), human cartilage glycoprotein(YKL-40), matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3) and postoperative cerebrovascular spasm(CVS) in patients with intracranial aneurysms(IAs) undergoing interventional embolization.Methods A total of 122 patients diagnosed with IAs were admitted to the Department of Neurology of the 920 th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from January 2023 to March 2025 and were included in the IAs group. Based on whether CVS occurred, they were divided into CVS subgroups and non-CVS subgroups. A total of 100 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the hospital during the same period were included in the healthy control group. ELISA assay for serum LTB4, YKL-40, and MMP-3 levels. Compare serum LTB4, YKL-40, and MMP-3 levels between subjects; Record the incidence of CVS in IA patients after surgery; Multifactorial logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the occurrence of CVS after surgery in patients with IAs; ROC curve analysis of the predictive value of serum LTB4, YKL-40, and MMP-3 levels for the occurrence of CVS after surgery in patients with IAs; Relative risk analysis of the effects of different LTB4,YKL-40, and MMP-3 levels on the occurrence of postoperative CVS in IAs patients.Results The serum levels of LTB4,YKL-40, and MMP-3 in the IAs group were higher than those in the healthy control group(t/P=27.101,32.638,12.340, respectively; all P<0.001). The serum levels of LTB4, YKL-40, and MMP-3 were significantly higher in the CVS subgroup than in the non-CVS subgroup(t/P=5.078, 5.847, 5.030, respectively; all P<0.001). The incidence of CVS in IAs patients after surgery was 32.79%. Elevated serum levels of LTB4, YKL-40, and MMP-3 are all risk factors for the occurrence of CVS after surgery in IAs patients [ OR(95% CI)=6.781(3.388-13.571),7.332(3.315-16.217),7.662(3.754-15.638)]. The AUC values for predicting the occurrence of CVS in IAs patients postoperatively were 0.732, 0.786, 0.816, and 0.904 for serum LTB4,YKL-40, MMP-3 levels, and the combination of the three, respectively. The combined prediction was superior to the individual predictions(Z=3.492,2.903,2.312;P=0.001,0.004,0.021).Patients with high levels of serum LTB4, YKL-40, and MMP-3 had a risk of CVS that was 4.272 times, 3.141 times, and 2.478 times higher than patients with low levels, respectively.Conclusion Serum LTB4, YKL-40, and MMP-3 are elevated in patients with CVS after IAs surgery. The combination of serum LTB4,YKL-40, and MMP-3 has high value in predicting postoperative CVS in patients with IAs.

Objective To investigate the expression of protein S gene(PROS1) and proteasome 20S subunit alpha 2(PSMA2) in glioma tissues and their correlation with epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) and prognostic significance.Methods A total of 102 patients with glioma diagnosed and treated in the Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai Central Hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 were selected. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of PROS1 m RNA, PSMA2 m RNA, and EMT markers [ Snail, epithelial cadherin(E-cad), neuronal cadherin(N-cad)] m RNA.Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect PROS1 and PSMA2 protein expression in tissues. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between PROS1 m RNA, PSMA2 m RNA and EMT markers. The effects of PROS1 and PSMA2 on glioma prognosis were evaluated.Results Compared with adjacent tissues, glioma tissues showed higher expression of PROS1 m RNA, PSMA2 m RNA, Snail m RNA, and N-cad m RNA, and lower expression of E-cad m RNA(t/P=31.199/<0.001, 31.146/<0.001, 24.632/<0.001, 31.892/<0.001, 19.886/<0.001). PROS1 m RNA and PSMA2 m RNA in glioma tissues were positively correlated with Snail m RNA and N-cad m RNA, and negatively correlated with E-cad m RNA(r=0.665, 0.702,0.714,-0.687,-0.734, all P<0.001). The positive rates of PROS1 protein and PSMA2 protein in glioma tissues were 70.59%(72/102) and 68.63%(70/102), respectively, which were higher than those in adjacent tissues [4.90%(5/102) and 6.86%(7/102)](χ 2=93.645, 82.797, P<0.001). The positive rates of PROS1 and PSMA2 proteins were higher in gliomas with tumor diameter ≥3 cm and WHO grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ than in those with tumor diameter<3 cm and WHO grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(χ 2/P=13.512/<0.001, 8.525/0.004, 7.913/0.005, 8.824/0.003). The 3-year overall survival rates of PROS1-positive and PSMA2-positive patients [36.11%(26/72) and 34. 29%(24/70)] were lower than those of PROS1-negative and PSMA2-negative patients[66.67%(20/30) and 68.75%(22/32)], with statistically significant differences(Log-rankχ 2=8.530, 11.670; P=0.004,0.001). PROS1 positivity, PSMA2 positivity, and WHO grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ were risk factors affecting the prognosis of glioma patients [ HR(95% CI)=1.605(1.157-2.226), 1.454(1.077-1.962), 1.789(1.184-2.706)].Conclusion The expression of PROS1 and PSMA2 is elevated in gliomas and correlated with EMT markers. Both molecules may serve as novel indicators for evaluating the prognosis of glioma patients.