Osteoporosis(OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bonemineral density(BMD) and destruction of bone microarchitecture, which is prone to fracture and seriously affects patients' quality of life. Insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) is a core factor in the regulation of bone metabolism, and its level is regulated by estrogen, growth hormone and other multifactors, which is closely related to the occurrence of primary(POP) and secondary osteoporosis(SecOP).Serum uric acid(UA), an endogenous antioxidant, protects BMD by inhibiting oxidative stress, but hyperuricemia may exacerbate bone loss through an inflammatory response.Currently, the relationship between UA and BMD remains controversial, and the mechanism of interaction between IGF-1 and UA has not been fully elucidated.This article reviews the association between IGF-1, UA and OP with a view to providing a theoretical basis for early diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Lumbar disc herniation(LDH) is a common disease in orthopedics, and its pathological mechanism involves disc degeneration, inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. In recent years, the treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine based on Qi-blood theory have shown potential in promoting the reabsorption of protrusion, and Fas/FasL signaling pathway, as a key pathway to regulate cell apoptosis, may be related to the biological effects of Qi-blood theory. In this paper, by integrating the Qi-blood theory and modern molecular biology mechanism, we explore the role of Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the resorption of lumbar disc herniation, and provide experimental and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of LDH.

Intestinal flora, as the largest bacterial reservoir in the human body, serves as a critical microbial barrier and plays a vital role in maintaining internal homeostasis and host health. The living environment significantly influences the structural composition of the intestinal flora. When the body is exposed to the hypobaric hypoxic(HH) environments in the plateau region, the intestinal flora may become imbalanced due to high-altitude-related damage, while the body's adaptation can also drive convergent evolution of the microbiota. Specific interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation can modulate the intestinal flora to some extent, thereby enhancing the body' s adaptation to high-altitude environments and mitigating HH-induced tissue damage. This review summarizes domestic and international literature on the changes in intestinal flora under plateau environments and their association with the body's damage and adaptation, aiming to provide new insights and strategies for the prevention and treatment of plateau injury and the regulation of physiological adaptation.