We report the clinical data of a patient diagnosed with high-burden malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast(PTB) complicated by persistent inflammation-immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome(PICS), along with a review of relevant literature.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment(CRCI), commonly known as "chemo brain", is a common long-term complication of the central nervous system in patients with malignant tumors after chemotherapy. Its core clinical manifestations include memory impairment, difficulty concentrating, slowed information processing, and executive dysfunction.With the improvement of cancer diagnosis and treatment, patient survival rates have significantly increased. The negative impact of CRCI on patients' quality of life, social function, and return to work has become increasingly prominent, making it a research hotspot and challenge in the field of supportive oncology. This article systematically reviews the definition and epidemiological characteristics of CRCI, deeply analyzes its pathophysiological mechanisms, summarizes commonly used clinical assessment tools and diagnostic strategies, comprehensively reviews the research progress of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, supplements with relevant interventions from traditional Chinese medicine, and outlines future research directions. The aim is to provide references for the clinical management and basic research of CRCI.

Sepsis-associated acute lung injury(SA-ALI) is a common and critical complication of severe infection. Its core pathological mechanism involves the interaction between forms of programmed cell death(PCD)—including pyroptosis,ferroptosis, and autophagy—and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Pyroptosis, mediated by GSDMD, leads to cell lysis and the release of inflammatory factors, directly damaging the alveolar-capillary barrier. Ferroptosis exacerbates endothelial and epithelial injury through lipid peroxidation. Autophagy plays a dual regulatory role in NLRP3 activation and mitochondrial homeostasis.These three PCD pathways interact closely through the NLRP3 hub, collectively driving the amplification of inflammatory cascades and tissue injury. Targeting the "PCD-NLRP3 axis" may offer novel strategies for the clinical intervention of SA-ALI.

Pelvic organ prolapse(POP) is a common clinical pelvic dysfunction disease, which poses a great threat to physical and mental health of women. With the aggravation of population aging, the proportion of elderly patients with POP has increased year by year, making it a major health problem affecting the quality of life of elderly women. The etiology of POP is complex and is mostly related to the injury of levator ani muscle and the expansion of hiatus area. Due to the different degrees of degenerative lesions, muscle atrophy and collagen level decline in the pelvic floor support structure of elderly patients, the degree of POP is often more serious than that of young women, thus its clinical diagnosis and treatment are particularly critical. Ultrasound technique has become one of the preferred methods for female pelvic examination due to its advantages of non-invasiveness, repeatability, low cost and simple operation. This paper reviews the pelvic anatomical structure, the relationship with POP and the application examples of multimodal ultrasound technique during pelvic examination, and discusses the application value and clinical challenges of this technique in the diagnosis of elderly POP.