This article reports the clinical data of a patient with microscopic polyangiitis involving multiple systems,whose initial presenting symptom was scleritis, and reviews the relevant literature.

Sophora flavescens, a plant of the genus Sophora in the Fabaceae family, has attracted increasing attention owing to the value of its active components in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The major cardioprotective active components isolated and identified from Sophora flavescens include alkaloids(matrine, oxymatrine) and flavonoids(kushenin, formononetin). Modern pharmacological studies have shown that these components exert cardioprotective effects through multiple targets and pathways. Their core effects encompass three aspects: regulation of cardiac electrical activity and multi-ion channel blockade, exerting antiarrhythmic effects; antagonizing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and inflammatory injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, regulating the PI3K/Akt survival signaling pathway,and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway; and inhibition of myocardial fibrosis, hypertrophy, and the progression of heart failure by blocking the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 profibrotic pathway and the MAPK hypertrophic signaling axis. Focusing on the chemical properties of these active components, this article reviews the research progress on the pharmacological mechanisms of their cardioprotective effects from three dimensions: regulation of electrical activity, antagonism of acute injury, and inhibition of chronic remodeling, aiming to provide a reference for subsequent target discovery and drug development.

Microvascular invasion(MVI) is an independent predictor of early postoperative recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC); however, current diagnosis relies entirely on postoperative pathology, limiting preoperative decisionmaking. The integration of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and artificial intelligence offers a new avenue for non-invasive preoperative prediction of MVI. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in MRI-based radiomics and deep learning for predicting MVI in HCC, outlines the efficacy and challenges of radiomics, radiogenomics, and multimodal models,discusses the "black-box" issue of deep learning and potential explainable solutions, and proposes relevant recommendations to facilitate clinical translation.

Metabolic syndrome(MS) is a syndrome characterized by metabolic dysfunction, with clustering of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia accompanied by central obesity. MS is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, and its components can also increase mortality from these diseases. Due to changes in social lifestyle and dietary structure, the incidence of MS is increasing annually, seriously affecting human health and safety. In recent years, with advances in bioinformatics, breakthroughs have been made in clinical research on intestinal microecology. The inflammatory response induced by intestinal flora is an important basis for the occurrence and development of MS, as it can regulate inflammation-related pathways, alter lipid metabolism, and affect insulin resistance. This article reviews research on the correlation mechanism between intestinal flora and MS and summarizes clinical prevention progress, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of MS.

Allergic rhinitis(AR) is a chronic non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by immunoglobulin E(IgE) and involving multiple inflammatory cells and mediators. Its pathological process includes earlyphase and late-phase reactions, which are associated with mast cell degranulation, eosinophil infiltration, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and aberrant activation of multiple signaling pathways. Rupatadine fumarate, a second-generation non-sedating antihistamine, possesses selective histamine H1 receptor inverse agonism and non-competitive antagonism of platelet-activating factor(PAF) receptors. These dual properties enable it to intervene in the AR inflammatory network through receptor blockade, cellular modulation, and inhibition of key signaling pathways. This article systematically reviews the regulatory mechanisms of rupatadine fumarate on core inflammatory mediators, key effector cells, and classical signaling pathways in AR.It summarizes the pharmacological characteristics, anti-inflammatory advantages, and in vitro and in vivo research evidence,and provides an in-depth analysis of its molecular action features in comparison with traditional antihistamines. This review aims to provide a systematic theoretical reference for basic research, clinical precision medication, and the development of novel anti-allergic drugs for AR.