The clinical data of a patient with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy were reported and literature review was conducted.

To report the clinical data of a case of xanthogranuloma of urachal associated with pelvic appendiceal bladder adhesion, and review the literature.

Renal transplantation is the preferred method for treating end-stage kidney disease, and it can bring more benefits to patients compared to dialysis. How to prolong the survival time of transplanted kidneys has always been a challenge faced by transplant doctors. There is still a lack of non-invasive examination measures for transplanted kidney lesions in clinical practice, and the current gold standard is still renal biopsy. The biopsy of transplanted kidneys is not only a traumatic examination, but also has limitations in obtaining materials. Multi parameter functional magnetic resonance(fMR) technology can provide important information on changes in renal function, such as perfusion, diffusion, structural complexity, and oxygenation and fibrosis. This article reviews the clinical application and potential of multi parameter functional magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the function and injury of transplanted kidney.

MiRNAs are non coding RNAs with 21-23 nucleotides, which are highly conserved in the process of evolution. They are considered to be regulators of gene expression, apoptosis, cancer, and cell growth and differentiation. Serum miRNA level can be used as a molecular marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer. Since most common methods for screening thyroid cancer cannot be detected in the early stage of the disease, the detection of miRNAs in blood is considered to be the key method for the early diagnosis of thyroid cancer. This article reviews the research on serum miRNA as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer.

The occurrence of malignant tumors is often accompanied by many internal factors, such as abnormal cell cycle regulation, inaccurate chromosome mitosis and so on. Spindle assembly checkpoint(SAC) is one of the core components responsible for the regulation of cell mitosis. The abnormality of sac will lead to the increase of chromosome instability, which makes cells more prone to malignant changes. With the in-depth study of tumor cell mitosis, this view has been gradually confirmed. As one of the important components of sac, spindle monitoring site protein(BUB1B) plays a classic role in organizing cells from metaphase to anaphase through signal transduction until all chromosomes adhere to the spindle. At present, BUB1B has been confirmed to be overexpressed in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer and other malignant tumors, and has the potential to be used as a new clinical biological diagnostic marker and tumor targeted therapy. This article reviews the research progress of BUB1B in malignant tumors.