Objective To explore the correlation of serum stress-induced protein 2(Sestrin2) and betatrophin with renal function and glucolipid metabolism levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods A total of 162 patients with diabetic nephropathy admitted to the Endocrinology and Nephrology Department of our hospital from March 2022 to June2025 were selected as the diabetic nephropathy group, while 160 patients with diabetes treated in our hospital during the same period were selected as the simple diabetes group. Additionally, 160 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations at our hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy control group. Serum levels of Sestrin2 and betatrophin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Renal function and glucolipid metabolism levels were assessed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between serum Sestrin2 and betatrophin levels with renal function and glucolipid metabolism. The diagnostic value of serum Sestrin2 and betatrophin levels, both individually and in combination, for diabetic nephropathy was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves. Results Compared with the healthy control group, serum Sestrin2 levels were significantly lower and betatrophin levels were significantly higher in the simple diabetes group(t = 12.376,-13.728, both P <0.01). Compared with the simple diabetes group, serum Sestrin2 levels were significantly lower and betatrophin levels were significantly higher in the diabetic nephropathy group(t = 19.347,-12.257, both P <0.01). Compared with the healthy control group, BUN, Scr,UACR, and e GFR levels were significantly higher in the simple diabetes group(t =-27.087,-24.818,-20.688, 26.997, all P <0.01). Compared with the simple diabetes group, BUN, Scr, UACR, and e GFR levels were significantly higher in the diabetic nephropathy group(t =-16.017,-20.768,-26.221, 64.251, all P <0.01). Compared with the healthy control group, TG, TC,LDL-C, 2hFBG, FBG, HOMA-IR, and Hb A1clevels were significantly higher in the simple diabetes group(t =-19.828,-18.508,-27.548,-32.771,-40.495,-31.303,-22.629, all P <0.01). Compared with the simple diabetes group, TG, TC,LDL-C, 2hFBG, FBG, HOMA-IR, and Hb A1clevels were significantly higher, while HDL-C levels were significantly lower in the diabetic nephropathy group(t =-5.801,-5.892,-7.311,-21.043,-12.438,-6.889,-7.626, 9.029, all P <0.01). Serum Sestrin2 levels were negatively correlated with BUN, Scr, UACR, e GFR, TG, TC, LDL-C, 2hFBG, FBG, HOMA-IR, and Hb A1c(all P <0.05), and positively correlated with HDL-C(P <0.05). Serum betatrophin levels were positively correlated with BUN, Scr, UACR, e GFR, TG, TC, LDL-C, 2hFBG, FBG, HOMA-IR, and Hb A1c(all P <0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL-C(P <0.05). The AUC values for detecting diabetic nephropathy using serum Sestrin2 and betatrophin levels alone and in combination were 0.839, 0.801, and 0.913, respectively. The AUC value for the combined detection was significantly higher than that of each indicator alone(Z = 3.517, 4.073, both P <0.001). Conclusion Changes in serum Sestrin2 and betatrophin levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy are associated with decreased renal function and glucolipid metabolism disorders.The combined detection of serum Sestrin2 and betatrophin levels has certain predictive value for diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To explore the effects of rituximab(PTX) combined with glucocorticoid(GC) and cyclophosphamide(CTX) on the negative conversion rate of anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody(PLA2Rab) and the level of serum complement factor B(CFB) in patients with membranous nephropathy(MN). Methods From January 2023 to January 2025,128 MN patients treated in the Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were divided into a regular group(64 cases, treated with PTX) and a combined group(64 cases, treated with PTX combined with GC and CTX). After 6 months of therapy, clinical efficacy, renal function indicators, inflammatory factors, T lymphocyte subsets,serum factors, and adverse drug reactions were evaluated. Results After therapy, the levels of 24hUTP, BUN, Scr, CXCL13,IL-6, and hs-CRP in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the regular group, and the level of ALB was significantly higher(t/P = 4.633/<0.001, 3.339/0.001, 4.168/<0.001, 5.160/<0.001, 5.900/<0.001, 5.006/<0.001, 3.800/<0.001).The levels of CD8+, CD19+, and CD20+in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the regular group, while the levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+were significantly higher(t/P = 6.109/<0.001, 5.572/<0.001, 3.909/<0.001, 3.721/<0.001, 4.595/<0.001, 3.304/0.001). PLA2Rab and CFB levels decreased in both groups, and the levels in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the regular group(t/P = 3.149/0.002, 4.657/<0.001). The PLA2Rab negative conversion rate in the combined group(36 cases, 56.25%) was higher than that in the regular group(22 cases, 34.38%)(χ2/P = 4.571/0.033). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [7 cases(10.94%)vs. 8 cases(12.50%),χ2/P = 0.076/0.783]. The total effective rate in the combined group(60 cases, 93.75%) was higher than that in the regular group(51 cases, 76.69%)(χ2/P = 5.494/0.019). Conclusion The combination therapy of PTX, GC, and CTX for MN patients can effectively improve renal function, reduce the level of inflammatory response, increase the negative conversion rate of PLA2Rab, decrease the level of CFB, and has good safety.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of sex-determining region Y-box transcription factor 13(SOX13) expression in endometrial carcinoma(EC) and the mechanism by which SOX13 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of EC cells through regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods A total of 80 patients with EC who underwent surgical resection in the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital Inner Mongolia Hospital from January 2017 to August 2020 were enrolled. The expression of SOX13 protein in EC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC), and the relationship between SOX13 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of EC patients was analyzed. SOX13 knockdown and overexpression lentiviruses were constructed and transfected into EC cells. Cells were divided into sh NC group, sh SOX13 group, oe NC group, and oe SOX13 group. CCK-8 assay and plate colony formation assay were used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assay was used to detect cell metastasis. The STRING website was used to predict SOX13-interacting proteins, and the GEPIA database was used to analyze the correlation between SOX13 and CTNNB1(β-catenin) expression in EC. Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP) was used to detect the interaction between SOX13 and β-catenin. TOP/FOP Flash luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect luciferase activity. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins. Results The positive expression rate of SOX13 protein in EC tissues was 51.25%(41/80), which was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues(31.25%, 25/80)(χ2/P = 6.602/0.010). SOX13 protein expression was increased in EC patients with lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular space invasion(LVSI), and advanced FIGO stage(χ2/P = 4.641/0.031, 4.089/0.043, 8.225/0.004). EC patients with positive SOX13 expression had a poor prognosis(χ2/P = 5.164/0.023). SOX13 knockdown was transfected into Ishikawa cells, and overexpression lentivirus was transfected into HEC-1-A cells. Compared with the sh NC group, SOX13 protein expression was decreased in the sh SOX13 group, and cell proliferation, plate colony formation, and metastasis were significantly reduced(t/P = 10.170/<0.001, 15.640/<0.001, 28.130/<0.001, 9.442/<0.001). Compared with the oe NC group, SOX13protein expression was increased in the oe SOX13 group, and cell proliferation, plate colony formation, and metastasis were significantly increased(t/P = 25.320/< 0.001, 6.600/0.003, 28.130/< 0.001, 17.830/< 0.001). Database analysis showed that SOX13 interacted with CTNNB1(β-catenin) and was positively correlated with it in EC(r/P = 0.480/<0.001). Co-IP confirmed the interaction between SOX13 and β-catenin. Compared with the sh NC group, TOP/FOP Flash luciferase activity was decreased in the sh SOX13 group(t/P = 11.770/<0.001), and the expression of nuclear β-catenin, c Myc, cyclin D1, and N-cadherin proteins was decreased, while E-cadherin protein expression was increased(t/P = 41.830/< 0.001, 37.200/< 0.001, 23.000/<0.001, 21.620/<0.001, 26.840/<0.001). Compared with the oe NC group, TOP/FOP Flash luciferase activity was increased in the oe SOX13 group(t/P = 23.970/<0.001), and the expression of nuclear β-catenin, c Myc, cyclin D1, and N-cadherin proteins was increased, while E-cadherin protein expression was decreased(t/P =16.620/<0.001, 27.650/<0.001, 31.140/<0.001, 30.000/<0.001). Conclusion SOX13 expression is increased in EC and is associated with lymph node metastasis, LVSI, advanced FIGO stage, and poor prognosis. SOX13 activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by interacting with β-catenin, thereby promoting the proliferation and metastasis of EC cells.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of intranasal capsaicin in the treatment of non-allergic rhinitis(NAR).Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) related to the topic were retrieved from databases including Pub Med, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang Database from inception to August 1, 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.4 and STATA 14.0 software.Results A total of 7 RCTs involving 245 patients were included. The metaanalysis showed that capsaicin significantly reduced symptom scores in patients with NAR [standardized mean difference(SMD) =-1.43, 95%CI :-1.85 to-1.02,P <0.001]. However, moderate heterogeneity was observed among the studies(I2=50.6%). Capsaicin significantly reduced nasal resistance(SMD =-0.96, 95%CI :-1.31 to-0.61,P <0.001) and increased peak nasal inspiratory flow(PNIF)(SMD = 0.89, 95%CI : 0.44 to 1.33,P <0.001). The safety analysis revealed that the incidence of local adverse reactions(mainly transient nasal burning and sneezing) in the capsaicin group was significantly higher than in the placebo group(RR = 0.66, 95%CI : 0.58 to 0.77,P <0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the withdrawal rate due to adverse reactions between the two groups(RR = 1.08, 95%CI : 0.57 to 2.04, P = 0.820), and no serious adverse events were reported. Egger' s test(P = 0.576) suggested no significant publication bias.Conclusion Current evidence indicates that capsaicin significantly improves clinical symptoms and objective nasal ventilation parameters in patients with non-allergic rhinitis, with a manageable side-effect profile and sustainable efficacy, providing valuable evidence-based support for its clinical application.

A case of giant inflammatory fibroid polyp of the small intestine complicated with intussusception is reported and a literature review is provided.